Disperse dyes yog ib chav kawm ntawm hluavtaws dyes nrog hydrophobic me me molecules ntawm lawv cov tub ntxhais. Lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ncaj qha txiav txim siab lawv cov dispersibility, nkag mus rau hauv lub peev xwm, thiab colourfastness nyob rau hauv hydrophobic fibers xws li polyester. Los ntawm cov qauv molecular foundations, disperse dyes mas muaj xws li ib tug chromogenic conjugated caj qaum thiab functional substituents. Feem ntau tsis muaj cov dej uas muaj zog heev - cov pab pawg soluble thiab yog cov tsis muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog polar compounds. Cov yam ntxwv no tso cai rau lawv tawg mus rau hauv dej raws li kev ncua thiab diffuse mus rau hauv fiber ntau sab hauv los ntawm siab -kub diffusion.
Cov pob txha chromogenic muaj xws li azo, anthraquinone, styrene, thiab quinoline ketones. Azo disperse dyes siv -N=N- raws li tus choj chromogenic, nthuav tawm cov qauv yooj yim thiab yooj yim tsim cov nplua nuj xim daj, txiv kab ntxwv, liab, thiab xim av xim. Lawv cov txheej txheem hluavtaws yog cov paub tab, muab lawv qhov zoo dua hauv chromatographic kev pab them nqi. Anthraquinone disperse dyes muaj cov txheej txheem sib txuas ua ke nrog kev hloov hluav taws xob dav dav, ua rau cov xim ci thiab zoo heev lightfastness thiab ntxuav tsis kam. Lawv feem ntau siv rau sab nraum zoov lossis siab - cov ntawv thov textile kawg uas yuav tsum muaj xim nrawm. Styrene thiab quinoline dyes nthuav tawm xim xiav thiab ntsuab xim, muaj cov thermal stability thiab sublimation tsis kam, ua rau lawv haum rau siab - kub ua thiab luam ntawv ntawm hluavtaws fibers.
Cov neeg hloov pauv nkag mus rau hauv cov pob txha sib txuas ua si tau zoo -tuning lub luag haujlwm hauv cov xim zas xim. Hydrophobic alkyl lossis aryl pawg tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib raug zoo nrog polyester molecules thiab thermal diffusion tus nqi, tab sis ntau npaum li cas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ruaj ntseg hauv dej; me me ntawm pawg polar (xws li -Cl, -CN) tuaj yeem ua tau zoo - kho cov xim thiab txhim kho lightfastness. Disperse dyes feem ntau tsis qhia cov dej uas muaj zog heev- cov pab pawg soluble xws li sulfonic acid pawg kom tswj tau cov hydrophobicity, tab sis txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov aqueous dispersion system, anionic lossis nonionic dispersants yuav tsum tau ntxiv thaum npaj. Txawm hais tias cov auxiliaries no tsis koom nrog kev tsim cov xim, lawv cuam tshuam cov khoom tawg thiab kev ruaj ntseg hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Los ntawm kev pom kev ruaj ntseg tshuaj, qee cov qauv azo tuaj yeem tawg nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub uas muaj zog, muaj zog alkali, los yog ntev ntev - qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau cov xim hloov los yog txo qis. Yog li, pH thiab qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas thaum lub sij hawm dyeing txheej txheem thiab tom qab- kho. Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob niaj hnub disperse dye nyiam siv tsawg - toxicity, biodegradable intermediates thiab hnyav tshuab los txo cov teeb meem muaj ntxhiab amines thiab hnyav hlau residues, yog li ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb tshuaj ntsuab.
Feem ntau hais lus, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm disperse dyes feem ntau yog ua raws li hydrophobic conjugated chromophore, nrog rau cov xim tshwj xeeb, ceev ceev, thiab cov txheej txheem kev sib raug zoo tau ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab dispersant formulation. Kev nkag siab tob txog lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem synthesis, txhim kho cov khoom ua tau zoo, thiab tsim cov khoom tshiab zoo ib puag ncig.
